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1.
Psychol. neurosci. (Impr.) ; 5(2): 199-205, July-Dec. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-671546

ABSTRACT

The effect produced by a warning stimulus(i) (WS) in reaction time (RT) tasks is commonly attributed to a facilitation of sensorimotor mechanisms by alertness. Recently, evidence was presented that this effect is also related to a proactive inhibition of motor control mechanisms. This inhibition would hinder responding to the WS instead of the target stimulus (TS). Some studies have shown that auditory WS produce a stronger facilitatory effect than visual WS. The present study investigated whether the former WS also produces a stronger inhibitory effect than the latter WS. In one session, the RTs to a visual target in two groups of volunteers were evaluated. In a second session, subjects reacted to the visual target both with (50% of the trials) and without (50% of the trials) a WS. During trials, when subjects received a WS, one group received a visual WS and the other group was presented with an auditory WS. In the first session, the mean RTs of the two groups did not differ significantly. In the second session, the mean RT of the two groups in the presence of the WS was shorter than in their absence. The mean RT in the absence of the auditory WS was significantly longer than the mean RT in the absence of the visual WS. Mean RTs did not differ significantly between the present conditions of the visual and auditory WS. The longer RTs of the auditory WS group as opposed to the visual WS group in the WS-absent trials suggest that auditory WS exert a stronger inhibitory influence on responsivity than visual WS.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Acoustic Stimulation , Arousal , Choice Behavior , Photic Stimulation , Proactive Inhibition , Reaction Time
2.
Estud. psicol. (Campinas) ; 25(3): 385-393, jul.-set. 2008. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-495881

ABSTRACT

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar como sabor e música exercem efeito sobre o estado de ânimo de crianças. Participaram 83 crianças de 5 a 10 anos de idade e de ambos os sexos. A tarefa dos participantes consistiu em experimentar o sabor de soluções doce e amarga na ausência de música e na presença de músicas pré-qualificadas como alegres e tristes, e depois, julgar o estado de ânimo decorrente da experimentação. O julgamento do estado de ânimo das crianças se modificou quando o sabor era amargo e as músicas eram alegres, caso em que o estado de ânimo se alterou de triste para alegre; quando o sabor era doce e as músicas tristes, o estado de ânimo passou de alegre para triste. Futuros trabalhos podem observar crianças realizando tarefas que apresentem contextos de alimentos reais associados à estimulação musical.


The aim of this study was to examine how taste and music exert an effect on the state of mind of children. Eighty-three children were assessed, both male and female, between the ages of five and ten. The participants were asked to taste both sweet and bitter solutions in the absence of music and in the presence of music rated as happy and sad, and afterwards, to judge the state of mind resulting from the experiment. The judgment of the children's state of mind changed in the presence of a bitter taste and happy music, in which case the state of mind changed from sad to happy. In the presence of a sweet taste and sad music, the mood changed from happy to sad. Future experiments could evaluate children carrying out tasks that present contexts of actual items of food in association with musical stimulation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Auditory Perception , Modalities, Sensorial , Music , Psychology, Child
3.
Psicol. teor. prát ; 6(2): 27-36, jul.-dez. 2004.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-435352

ABSTRACT

O presente artigo avaliou o julgamento de emoções musicaispor crianças pré-escolares e escolares. Utilizaram-se faces esquemáticas que representam os sentimentos de: alegria, raiva, medo, tristeza e espanto como instrumento não-verbal no julgamento de 14 trechos de músicas populares de estilos diferentes. A amostra foi constituída por 82 crianças com idade entre 5 e 9 anos. Cada criança deveria apontar a face que melhor representava a emoção expressa na música que havia ouvido. Resultados indicam que os fatores que apresentaram influência significativa nas escolhas das músicas pelos participantes foram a idade e o estilo de música. Crianças de todas as faixas etárias julgaram corretamente as cinco emoções nas músicas e a taxa de acerto aumenta com a idade. O padrão de julgamento por crianças de emoções expressas em músicas populares foi semelhante ao de outros estudos com músicas eruditas


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Child , Emotions , Facial Expression , Judgment , Music , Motivation , Perception
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